Reference tone

432 Hz — Alternative Tuning (A=432)

432 Hz tunes the A above middle C to 432 hertz — about eight cents lower than the 440 Hz concert-pitch standard used by most modern instruments.

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About the 432 Hz tone

The gap between 432 Hz and 440 Hz is small — roughly a third of a semitone — but some musicians prefer the slightly lower, warmer character of A = 432 for recording and ambient work. The simplest way to decide is to listen: play this tone, then open the 440 Hz page and switch between them.

Tuning a whole instrument to A = 432 shifts every other note down by the same ratio. If you tune by ear against this tone, start with your A string or A key and work outward as usual.

A lot of folklore is attached to 432 Hz online. Setting that aside, it is simply an alternative reference pitch — useful when a track or ensemble you are playing along with was tuned that way.

Technical details

Frequency
432 Hz
Nearest note
A4 (-32¢)
Category
Reference tone
Period
2.31 ms
Wavelength (air)
79.4 cm
Octave up / down
864 Hz / 216 Hz

Common uses

  • Tune an instrument or DAW to A = 432 for recording or performance
  • A/B 432 Hz against the 440 Hz standard and pick what you prefer
  • A steady low-A reference for ear training

Nearby frequencies